Human Interaction with Nature in the Works of Aldo Leopold and Elizabet

Human Interaction with Nature in the Works of Aldo Leopold and Elizabeth Bishop The poet Elizabeth Bishop and the naturalist Aldo Leopold share a keen power of observation, a beautifully detailed manner of writing, a love for the beauty of nature, and an interest in how people interact with the natural world. Like Leopold, Bishop examines human interactions with nature on both the personal and the ecological level. On the individual level, a hunter’s contact with the animal he or she is hunting changes his or her attitude toward nature in both Bishop’s poem â€Å"The Fish† and Leopold’s essay â€Å"Thinking Like a Mountain.† On the larger level, both Bishop in her poem â€Å"The Mountain† and Leopold throughout the Sand County Almanac envision the role of human beings in relation to the rest of the natural world as one of exploration and interpretation through science and art. In both Bishop’s â€Å"The Fish† and Leopold’s â€Å"Thinking Like a Mountain,† the person’s contact with a wild animal comes about through hunting. In theory, hunting is a sport, â€Å"a challenge of fang against bullet† (Leopold 129), in which the animal has a fair chance of escaping. In reality, however, there is no real challenge for the hunter in either case. Leopold and his companions, â€Å"pumping lead into the pack† (130), kill the wolf not by skill but by the sheer number of bullets, while Bishop’s speaker testifies, â€Å"He didn’t fight. / He hadn’t fought at all† (5-6). Thus, both call into question whether their hunting is actually a sport. Both Leopold and Bishop’s speaker are initially unaware of the true value of the creatures they hunt. Leopold writes, â€Å"I thought that because fewer wolves meant more deer, that no wolves would mean hunter’s paradise† (130). Bish... ... of human beings in nature is to explore, perceive, understand, and give a voice to the world around them through science and art. They suggest this both through what they say in their writing and by the very act of writing, which is an act of perception and interpretation of nature. However, their interpretations of the mountain’s message beg the question of whether they are interpreting it correctly, or whether they are simply attributing their own views to landforms. Perhaps their works are best seen as an invitation to their readers to explore the natural world for themselves and create their own interpretations. Contact with wild creatures might change our attitudes too! Bibliography Bishop, Elizabeth. The Complete Poems, 1927-1979. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Leopold, Aldo. A Sand County Almanac. New York: Oxford University Press, 1949.

Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Balance in Da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man and Butterfield’s Verde

Since balance is a key design principle in art, it is important that the artist achieve it in one of two ways. A piece of art must be either symmetrical or asymmetrical to skeletal achieve balance and not create tension in the work. When a piece of art is symmetrical it is a mirror image. There are an equal number of items of equal size, colors, textures, and etc. Many times this is used in architecture to create a pleasing effect to the eye. Balance can also be attained through asymmetrical design.Equilibrium is still attainable through this technique. Asymmetrical means that several smaller items are balanced by a larger item, larger and smaller objects are arranged at different lengths away from the center, different textures are used, or brighter or darker colors contrasted by lighter or muted shades. The famous artist Leonardo Da Vinci, who lived in the fifteenth century, used the symmetrical technique in his famous drawing of the Vitruvian Man.In this drawing, it is mostly a mi rrored image of the man and his anatomy. This draws the viewer’s eye to the center of the page. However, there is a tiny portion of the work that is asymmetrical. There is slightly more color on one side that is balanced with both feet turning to the side with less color. Deborah Butterfield, a sculptor from the twentieth century to the present, used the asymmetrical technique for her sculpture of the horse, Verde.The back portion of the horse is bulky held on two skeletal legs while the front of the horse is opened and curvy with thin strips of metal for the neck and head. It parallels the way that a real horse would look and it is totally balanced. Works Cited Butterfield, D. (c. 1990). Verde. Da Vinci. L. (c. 1485). The Vitruvian Man. Skaalid, B. (1999). Classic Design Theory Principles of Design: Balance. Retrieved April 3, 2008 from http://www. usask. ca/education/coursework/skaalid/theory/cgdt/balance. htm

Benefits Of Free Babysitting On My Home For Parent ( S )

Introduction I decided that I would like to offer free babysitting in my home for parent(s) that needs a few hours for a job interview, doctor s appointment or have an emergency. I have been searching around for an organization to go through, but none exist where I live. There were some you have to go to their place of work, which I understand but I have no transportation to go that far. So I decided to do this alone. I started on this assignment on week two of July. I started volunteering to babysit children from age 5 to 8 years old. I started the portion of my painting assignment this week. One week is to babysit five kids. They looked like controlled little angels. I started small in this volunteer assignment. I volunteer to babysit a couple of kids for free. Some couples don’t have money for babysitters or extended family nearby. Some school systems are so attuned to their supervisory, child-care function that they offer after school play groups at a normal fee to take care of children until a parent gets off work and can take the child home (pg. 435). What was observed during this experience? I observed a lot from this experience. When I was babysitting the children, they always wanted to be around me always following me. And one of the five kids drew me three sun’s on loose-leaf paper. I was observed while babysitting when the children and I were making cupcakes. Having the babysit these five kids most afternoons, I’ve observed that children are aggravatinglyShow MoreRelatedEqual Opportunity Evolves Human Resources1671 Words   |  7 PagesCivil Rights Act of 1964; however, the Commission’s mission has been shaped by more than this one single piece of legislation. Numerous laws, amendments, and executive orders have expanded, limited or guided the Commission s authority over increasingly fair employment. 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Persuasive Essay On Gun Control - 1788 Words

October, 1st 2017 has marked the latest in a now all too familiar trend of tragedies; a mass killing of civilians by a sick individual. In the wake of this tragedy, there is a mass of human emotion, grief, anger, sadness, and a demand for justice to right what has been wronged. In looking for justice, one needs an antagonist to blame, in this case an object, the gun. While it is true that firearms are the weapon of choice for many violent tragedies across the United States, will a ban on firearms truly solve the problem of violence for the country? Although a firearm ban may seem like a preventative for violence in the United States, a comparison of violent crime in other countries with varying levels of gun control, the lack of†¦show more content†¦The Czech Republic has the second highest concealed carry and personal defense gun ownership per capita behind the U.S. and Switzerland has the 4th highest gun ownership per house hold (Ordonnance), yet both have amongst the lowest violent crime rates with the Czech Republic having roughly half the murder rate of the U.S. with 2.7 murders compared to 5.3 murders per 100,000 people (Preidt). As for mass shootings, much of the European world has had far less experience with this form of attack, however, that is not to say they have had less experience with mass killings. Terrorist attacks have become an unfortunate frequency for much of the world, and in places such as many west European countries where guns are of little supply, they improvise. Vehicular homicide and attacks such as those in Munich and Barcelona have killed dozens of people plowing into crowds. Other attacks include bombings, chemical attacks, and mass stabbings. These horrific attacks can be just as effective as seen with mass stabbings like the 2014 Kunming attack which left 35 dead and over 140 injured by just 8 people using knives (Kunming). Additional problems with containing mass murder is the use of illegal firearms. Examples of this can be seen with the Charlie Hebdo attack in Paris 2015, where the assailants used bombs and ak-47s to gun down a dozen people in Paris a near gun free zone due to strict French laws on the matter (BBC). In other countries, justShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay : Gun Control798 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Essay Did you know that in the United States almost 100,000 people are shot or killed with a gun in one year? 10,527 people die a year in handgun related incidents in the United States. 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Human Resource Management System - 1940 Words

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Synopsis [pic] Date of Submission : 18.5.2010 Submitted by: Group No: SARITA MCA/07/131 Faculty Comments Name of Faculty : Signature of Faculty : Date of Checking : Status : Approved Rejected Date to submit new synopsis (applicable only†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Development: Education, honors, awards, publications, performance reviews. †¢ Employee self-service: direct-deposit, W-4 tax information, personal information such as home address. †¢ Faculty Events †¢ Manager self-service †¢ Recruitment: On-line job listings and job application, managing the recruitment process. †¢ Regulatory Reporting. PROCESS DESCRIPTION Currently Human Resource Management Systems encompass: 1. Administration 2. HR management Information system 3. Recruiting 4. Appraisal 5. Performance Record 6. Employee Self-Service †¢ The administration module provides a system for organizations to administer and track employee participation in benefits programs. 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Death of a Salesmen Literary Analysis Free Essays

Maria Medina AP Literature 2nd Hour February 14th, 2012 Being Boxed In As humans, at some point in our life we may feel the sense of being boxed-in. In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller shows the different factors that make for the frustrations of long time salesman Willy Loman. Being â€Å"boxed in† is a symbol of Willy’s serious desperation with his life in the city, his career, and his family that eventually led to his death. We will write a custom essay sample on Death of a Salesmen Literary Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Willy is living in the crammed state of New York. He feels as though the city has turned into a box for the inhabitants: â€Å"The way they boxed us in here. Bricks and windows, windows and bricks. †(1301). Willy feels trapped about the innovating of cities and rapidly growing population: â€Å"There’s more people! That’s what’s ruining this country! Population is getting out of control. The competition is maddening! Smell the stink from that apartment house-! † (1301) He’s afraid of change, and can’t accept it.. Willy makes himself feel boxed in by not accepting the new city life along with his new family life. The city changing reminds Willy that he now also has a failed relationship with his sons, and this attributes to his sense of feeling boxed in. Willy refers back to the past many times and longs for life to be like it used to be. While talking about the changing city he remembers his old relationship with one of his sons: â€Å"Remember those two beautiful elm trees out there? When I and Biff hung the swing between them? † Willy wishes to go back to the old days when his sons and he got along. He’s very nostalgic and remembers old times to give him some comfort. Unfortunately, having flashback of the good times affects him horribly and not being able to go back in time makes him feel trapped. Willy’s career has also taken a huge toll on him. At the beginning of the play he tries to give his wife and himself hope that they eventually won’t feel physically trapped and things will get better: â€Å"Before it’s all over we’re gonna get a little place in the country and I’ll raise some vegetables and a couple of chickens. † This shows that Willy longs for a different life where routine isn’t always necessary. He wants freedom and hopes someday it will come. Willy admits that he feels physically trapped due to the city he’s living in, but never admits that he is trapped in the sense that he tries to appeal to everyone. He tries to keep an image that does not truly reflect him: â€Å"We never told the truth for ten minutes in this house! †(1362) After being confronted by Biff, Willy still doesn’t realize his failure in his career and success. He tries making things better by helping out Biff’s success; he commits suicide to have Biff keep his insurance money and start his own life: â€Å"Imagine? When the mail comes he’ll be ahead of Bernard again! †(1364) This suicide makes for Willy to literally box himself. All of his frustrations make for Willy not think straight and making irrational decisions. showed the factors that led to Willy’s feeling â€Å"boxed in†. His city life, his failed relationship with his family, and his having to keep up an appearance led Willy to frustration. Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman showed that being â€Å"boxed in† occurs when many problems come up, and when not coped with correctly, can lead to tragic extremes. How to cite Death of a Salesmen Literary Analysis, Essay examples

Side Channel Attack

Question: Discuss about the report for Side Channel Attack? Answer: Introduction Side channel attack is based on side information and which are retrieved from encryption devices where information is coded in an abstract manner (Benger et al.). In computer and communication system, security is a major concern. In the past, encryption devices receive plain text as input and generate ciphertext as output (Carlet et al.). At that stage, attacks occurred either knowing the plaintext or knowing the ciphertext or both. Now a day, these encryption devices have additional input with additional output, and those are not in the form of plain text or ciphertext. These encrypted devices also produce timing information, power consumption statistics, and many more things. Side channel attacks use these data and information with other cryptanalytic techniques (Braunstein, Samuel and Stefano Pirandola). A cryptographic algorithm with public key ciphers, hash functions, and symmetric chippers form building block to construct and implement security mechanism in the network channels. However, some side channel attacks sometimes also called physical attack tries to modify the secret parameters involved in the cryptographic devices. In order to keep these devices secure, some major countermeasures will be discussed in the following sections. Side Channel Attack Side channel attack is considered as a form of reverse engineering, where changes in the processing behavior are monitored and examined, on a regular basis during the execution and operations of the cryptographic algorithm (Carlet et al.). The Cryptographic primitive is viewed as an abstract object that is transferred some input to some outputs by using a parameterized key. On the other hand, this cryptographic primitive sometimes implemented inside a program this will run on a processor to present some specific characteristics (Chen et al.). First consideration is viewed as classical cryptanalysis and the second one is called physical security. Physical attacks or side channel attacks are numerous and considered by the cryptographic device manufacturers very seriously (Coron et al.). Some of these side channel attack types are described in the following sections NonInvasive vs. Invasive: Noninvasive attack damages the information which is externally available such as power consumptions and running time (Crane et al.). On the other hand, invasive attacks depackage the chip and tries to access the internal information and data of the inside components (Dabosville et al.). An example of this attack is to see the occurrences of data transfers; wire can be connected to a data bus. Passive vs. Active: Active attacks modify the devices functioning like fault indication attack tries to add errors in the computation programs and processes (Guo et al.). Conversely, passive attacks is not so harmful, it just observes the behaviors of the cryptographic devices while their processing, but do not change them. The above side channel attacks are trying to damage and steal the physical leakage information such as electromagnetic radiation, timing information, and power consumption. As they are passive, non invasive and can be performed by cheap devices, lead to greater security threats for most of the cryptographic hardware devices (Hund et al.). These devices are ranged from smart cards to small computers, and radio frequency identification devices. Side Channel Attacks- Models While assessing the security of cryptographic module in the traditional cryptanalysis model, it has been assumed that the opponent party almost has all the knowledge about the protocol and all its public keys (Kotipalli et al.). Moreover that, the adversary may also have some intercepted data which can be engaged with valid participants and have the control over the nature of the data. Then the adversary will try to exploit the designs in the network protocol. In this case, mathematical abstraction tool cam is used as a cryptographic primitive to evaluate the security of the devices by considering them as mathematical functions (Kumar, Pardeep and Jagdeep Kaur). Secure cryptographic algorithm offers security against the unauthorized users who only have the access to the confidential information of the authorized users. However, this is not sufficient and adequate to protect cryptographic devices from these kinds of side channel attacks (Liu et al.). By monitoring the current scenario of physical attacks or side channel attacks, researchers have discovered that these kinds of attacks exploit the properties of the devices, modify the characteristics of the network and operating system. Therefore, it becomes so easy to utilize the leaked information for unauthorized activities (Braunstein, Samuel and Stefano Pirandola). In a recent case, it has been seen that adversary of the traditional security model can see the electromagnetic radiation or power consumed by smart card while it performs signature generation and decryption operation with public keys (Mohamed et al.). Te opponent party also can measure the operation time of the cryptographic operation and analyze its behaviors whenever errors are occurred (Prouff, Emmanuel and Matthieu Rivain). Therefore, side channel information can be easily gathered, so that proper security model must be used. Classic Side Channel Attacks Timing Attack: This attack is defined as the total time required for the performance of cryptographic operations. As these execution operations have conditional branching statements and unnecessary statements, operation time varies with inputs of the cryptographic devices (Veyrat-Charvillon et al.). Side channel attackers use these differences to make exact and proper identification of the encryption key. Time sample is gathered with inputs, and those samples are applied into the statistical model. This model helps to obtain the behaviors of the devices and keys used inside it (Yarom, Yuval and Katrina Falkner). By measuring the total required time, attackers easily find out and guess the behaviors of the fixed components and damage and modify other components and cryptosystems. Electromagnetic Attack: Electric current always carried out an electromagnetic field with it. This carried electromagnetic field includes some crucial and additional information such as time, the amount of consumed power, etc. If all these information and data can be collected and measured out; a side-channel attacker easily enters into the system and exploits the whole security system to find out the secret key (Yarom, Yuval and Naomi Benger). Electromagnetic attackers use this confidential information as side channel data and leads to EM attack inside the system. Radiations from these electromagnetic fields can be of two kinds; one is intentional, and other one is unintentional (Zhang et al.). Side channel attack explores and occurs due to unintentional radiations which help to find out and guess the secret encryption key of the cryptographic device. Fault Analysis Attack: It is dependent on the errors and faults cretaed by the cryptographic modules and devices either naturally or intentionally. The faulty outputs which are generated from these devices are the side channel information of faulty analysis attack (Zhao et. al.). The main two reasons behind these kinds of faults are computational faults while the operation of cryptographic computation and when the corrupted input is applied into the module or device to generate false outputs. Side channel attackers can achieve these successfully by two steps. In the first step, faults are injected into the device, where the time of injection is the primary concern (Naomi et al.). In the second step, attackers exploit these faults and analyze them to find out the secret private key. Through these stages, attackers can almost break each and every cryptographic algorithm of the system. Power Analysis Attack: Almost every cryptographic device needs external and additional power to process and operate. This kind of power analysis attack damages the relationship between consumed power and ecrypted data to find out the device operations and combine them with other analysis techniques to guess the secret encrypted key (Claude et al.). In order to measure the consumed power, a small resistor of 50 ohms is connected in series to ground or power. Voltage differences by the resistor will give the current as an output. Power analysis can be done with two analysis techniques; one is DPA (differential power analysis technique) and other is SPA (simple power analysis technique). Simple power analysis technique directly analyzes and measures the consumed power and can be gained from simple virtual representations (Rakesh et al.). This SPA technique can provide additional information about the operations of the encrypted devices and also can give the information of the secret key . Attackers with the SPA analysis technique uses trace method to measure the consumed power in the operation of cryptographic devices (Jean-Sebastien et al.). As simple power analysis, the technique provides the detail description of each and every stage encrypted operations, side channel attackers can easily break down the system for their unauthorized purposes. On the other hand, differential power analysis technique analyzes and evaluates the values of the system with a statistical model. Sometimes it becomes difficult to find out the private key, due to slight variations of power (Stephen et al.). Then a large number of the sample have to be collected and have to feed into the device, which is a quite time-consuming process. If the key, find out and guessed by the attackers are right, computed values will be generated as the probability 1 (Guillaume et al.). However, if the identified key is wrong, the function will differ. Current Side Channel Attacks In spite of the classic side channel attacks, some current side channel attacks have been identified which are discussed below and shown in the following figure Online Application Leakage: In this growing technology world, all the activities and operations are operated on software platforms, a huge number of applications and programs are offered by this software over the web. Theses software applications are loaded with lots of information and data for its users. As these data and information flows through a network, these work as channel side information and create a paradigm of new side channel attack (Carsten et al.). If proper security applications such as firewall web application, intrusion detection system are not deployed inside it, attackers can easily steal those confidential data and information from the system. Message Error Attack: While the operations of communication platforms and methodologies, the receiver has to send an acknowledgment to check and verify whether the message is received or not. These acknowledgment sent by the receiver from the receiver side to destination can be used by the attackers as side channel data and information to obtain these kind of attacks (Kotipalli et al.). In the case of Chipper block chaining (to offer information in an authentic manner), acknowledgement message needs to be in block form. During decryption technique, if such blocking results, then some error message will be returned and the attacker will use those errors by finding out the error status. Cache Based Attack: Cache memory is used to update and upgrade the operation speed of the network system. Data and information is stored in the cache memory; in order to fetch and extract them for operational purposes, cache memory does it by itself. But whenever, data and information are not stored inside the cache memory, it can be extracted and gained from primary memory (Fangfei et al.). It leads to unwanted delay and used as channel side information by the attackers to find out and guess the secret key. These kinds of attacks are adamant, as they are not dependent on the cipher text or plain text. Countermeasures Each of the above mentioned attacks is quite difficult to mitigate. But some classical mitigation techniques will be proposed in this section to resist these kinds of attacks from the system to some extent (Lange et al.). Name of the Side Channel Attack: Timing Attack Countermeasures: Masking Technique Main reason of the rising timing attack inside the network is the difference of time in the operation of encryption and decryption techniques. This time has to be made constant by exponentiation and multiplication operations with the addition of delays (Nicolas et al.). However, this technique can slow down the speed of the whole processing system. The masking technique combines the input value with a random value to make actual output at the receiver side (Pratiba et al.). In this case two kinds of algorithms can be adopted to proceed with the masking operations, one is algorithmic level countermeasures, and other is level architecture countermeasures (Park, Young-Ho and Nam Su Chang). Algorithmic level countermeasures help to transform the C programs inside the device so that that side channel information leakage can be avoided (Carlet et al.). On the other hand, architecture level countermeasure algorithm will help to smaller the size of the signal by creating better components with special but simple circuit techniques. Name of the Side Channel Attack: Electromagnetic Attack Countermeasures: Signal Information Reduction and Signal Strength Reduction. Electromagnetic attack and power attacks can be reduced by the same technique of timing attacks. Operational data has to make independent, and the clock cycles must be saturated for all the operations of the system so that power attack and electromagnetic radiation attack can be reduced to a larger extent. Branch and conditional statements must be avoided to resist the simple power analysis attack and timing attacks (Yinqian et al.). Noise addition can create a major impact on mitigating the power attacks or electromagnetic radiation attacks. As these power and electromagnetic radiations are generated from electronic circuitry such as transistors, resistors and they have an algorithmic level and program level to operate (Xinjie et al.). Therefore, at the transistor level, circuits and logic gates has to be built in such a way that dedicated hardware for the cryptographic operations can operate with a large area and with dedicated industrialization process. Name of the Side Channel Attack: Fault Analysis Attack Countermeasures: The entire system should be restarted again. Name of the Side Channel Attack: Power Analysis Attack Countermeasures: Reducing signal size, designing of the cryptosystem according to the hardware specifications. In order to mitigate the differential power analysis attack (DPA), the masking technique is very useful. Masking or blinding is the most useful countermeasure against the protection of DPA attack (Benger et al.). Architecture level algorithms present in the cryptographic system should be configured with high security mechanisms to overcome the side channel attacks. Therefore, theses cryptographic algorithms are set on the 8-bit chips with core design and customized frequency operations. This chip can check the credentials (PIN code) of the users with cryptographic hardware blocks (Cong et al.). A computing device called Hardware security model must be implemented inside cryptographic module that can provide strong authentication and integrity. The current side channels attacks that are described in Section 3, no such solution, has been proposed yet. Those areas are used for volatile research and researchers will propose some solutions very soon. Conclusion From the above study, it can be concluded that side channel attacks are the major class of cryptanalytic technique. Side channel attacks can generate from various sources and significantly affect the whole operation system and exploits their confidentiality and security. Some classical side-channel attacks like power analysis attack, timing attack, electromagnetic attack, fault message attack which steals the sensitive information of the cryptographic modules and devices. Some recent side channel attacks such as online application leakage, cache based attack, message error attack destroy the inside components of the system and tamper the confidential information present in it. 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